White House AI Action Plan Signals Environmental Regulation Reform for Data Centers
On July 23, 2025, the White House released “Winning the Race: America’s AI Action Plan” (“AI Action Plan”), outlining over 90 planned federal policy actions the Trump administration plans to implement to speed up artificial intelligence development across the United States. This rapid growth in domestic AI will result in an unprecedented U.S. demand for energy and require siting of significant electric generation assets to operate supporting infrastructure. Electricity demand from data centers represents a major new source of electricity demand and redundancy that will likely require a modernized approach to permitting and regulation to support sufficient growth on the Trump administration’s desired trajectory. For additional information on the impact of AI growth and the challenges of associated data center permitting, see Sidley’s blog posts here and here.
U.S. Department of Energy: U.S. Grid Faces Urgent Reliability Challenges Amid AI-Driven Load Growth and Plant Retirements
A new report by the U.S. Department of Energy provides a comprehensive assessment of the adequacy and reliability of the U.S. electric grid and warns that without urgent reforms and investment, the U.S. electric grid will be unable to support the nation’s economic ambitions, particularly in artificial intelligence (“AI”) and digital infrastructure. The report responds to recent executive orders emphasizing the need for a uniform, data-driven approach to evaluating grid reliability, particularly in the face of accelerating power plant retirements and surging electricity demand from data centers and AI applications.
Biden Administration Unveils New Cybersecurity Strategy, Emphasizes Grid Security
On March 2, 2023, the Biden administration unveiled a new National Cybersecurity Strategy that includes various initiatives to protect U.S. energy infrastructure from attacks. The White House strategy comes on the heels of several high-profile attacks on U.S. substations and at a time when federal regulators have placed increased focus on the security of the U.S. energy grid.
FERC Approves New Extreme Cold Weather Reliability Standards
On February 16, 2023, the U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) approved two new North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) Reliability Standards: EOP-011-3 (Emergency Operations) and EOP-012-01 (Extreme Cold Weather Preparedness and Operations). The new standards stem from FERC and NERC’s joint inquiry into Winter Storm Uri — the February 2021 winter storm event that led to the largest controlled firm load shed event in U.S. history, with over 4.5 million people losing power and at least 210 people losing their lives. The joint inquiry resulted in the issuance of a November 2021 report that included recommendations for NERC reliability standard enhancements to improve extreme cold weather operations, preparedness, and coordination. The November 2021 report found that the bulk power system “cannot operate reliability without adequate generation.”[1]
Amidst Recent Attacks, U.S. Regulators Emphasize Grid Security
A series of threats to the U.S. power grid have elevated physical grid security as a key concern for federal energy regulators. On December 15, 2022, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) ordered the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) to reassess its existing security rules in light of recent grid attacks.